Hello,
Ubuntu 11.10 a été rendue publiquement disponible pour les personnes
intéressées.
A lire la Release Note spécifique Accessibility, on peut dire que là aussi,
comme pour la dernière Debian, un effort important a été fait concernant
l'accessibilité, et un "installer" accessible pour nous!
URL: http://ubuntuaccessibility.wordpress.com/2011/10/13/oneiric-ocelot/
<lynx screenshot>
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Oneiric Ocelot
October 13, 2011 — Alan Bell
We are pleased to announce the release of Ubuntu 11.10, the Oneiric
Ocelot. There have been significant architectural changes in this release
and heroic efforts have been made to get the accessibility tools and
APIs functional by the time of release. This is the first release where
the default desktop environment for the accessibility install profiles
is Unity 2D, this does change the screen layout for everyone, including
screen reader users, more on that below. One small, but interesting,
change we made was a tweak to the espeak pronunciation dictionary,
Ubuntu 11.10 can now pronounce it’s own codename, even if you can’t!
With Ubuntu 11.10 installed you can run the command spd-say "Ubuntu
11.10 The Oneiric Ocelot" to hear how it should be said.
Starting the screen reader installer
The procedure for initiating a narrated install has changed. No longer
do you have to press space during some time interval after the startup
when there is an on-screen icon that you can’t see! When booting from
CD or USB wait until you hear some drums and press ctrl+s to start
speech. (if it doesn’t work, wait a few seconds and press ctrl+s again,
there appears to be a timing issue remaining). Orca will then start,
and focus will be on the Orca window. From this point you can alt-tab
to get to the Ubiquity installer and proceed with the install.
We recommend you do the install whilst connected to a wired internet
connection, this will allow it to auto detect your location and get
your locale and keyboard settings right, these bits of the installer
are not easily operated with a keyboard and orca can’t see some
important parts of them.
[EMBED]
Sorry about the crackly audio in the videos.
Getting around Unity with Orca and the keyboard
Unity is almost fully keyboard navigable (a few bits in the indicators
don’t work) and there is a comprehensive list of shortcuts available
[18]here. The video below describes some of the elements on screen and
how to get between them.
Onboard the on-screen keyboard
Onboard now has a new theme, Radiance. This has been designed to fit in
with the overall look of the Ubuntu desktop, it uses the Ubuntu font on
the keycaps, the circle of friends on the super keys and colours picked
out from the Ubuntu pallete. We made sure that the main letter keys had
the most contrast, followed by numbers and we used bolder colours on
the special keys like tab and space. An earlier version of this theme
was available after release in 11.04, but with 11.10 it is set up by
default on the CD.
The Onboard settings manager now works correctly, you can change
themes, including high contrast themes and a scanning layout which
allows users with highly restricted mobility to operate the keyboard
using a switch. (There is a fairly significant bug with the return key
in scanning mode right now as shown in the video below, hopefully that
will be fixed in an update soon.)
Another small but highly significant improvement is that Onboard is
back in the menus, you can now start onboard using just a mouse,
touchscreen or other pointing device.
Compiz zoom
This is off by default (not sure why) but you can turn it on using the
compiz settings manager, which is not installed by default. From the
software centre install compizconfig-settings-manager, or from a
command line sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager
Once this is installed you can run it from the dash and enable the
enhanced zoom desktop plugin, I like to set a mouse shortcut of
<Super>Button 4 for zoom in and<super>button 5 for zoom out, this way
I can hold the super key (windows key) and use the mouse wheel to zoom
the desktop.
Compiz enhanced zoom does not zoom the dash, launcher or panel, just
the workspace you are on. It tracks the mouse cursor and can be set to
move manually.
The Accessibility Settings Dialog
The main system settings screen is available in the Unity launcher, and
in the power/shutdown indicator at the top right of the screen, it has
a submenu for accessibility settings where various assistive tools can
be turned on and off and settings can be tweaked.
The accessibility subsection has 4 pages, the first one relates to
visual features with options for high contrast, large fonts, zoom
(which doesn’t work for me) and turning on Orca the screen reader.
The second page is about hearing, and contains the option to have a
visual system bell indicator.
Thirdly typing, where the onboard keyboard can be activated, along with
sticky keys, slow keys and bounce keys.
Lastly mouse related items including hover click, also known as dwell
click. This allows use of the mouse or other pointing device without
clicking. This works quite well in conjunction with the onboard
keyboard.
The ugly bits
Maximising the onboard window in Unity2d is a really really bad idea.
It is on top of everything and has no window controls when maximised as
it refuses focus, and you can’t double click the title bar to restore
it. Once maximised your only real option is to switch to another
workspace using a hard keyboard ctrl+alt+arrow keys then run
gconf-editor and in the apps\onboard section change the height, or
reboot into Unity3d and double click or drag down the top panel. This
is Bug 859288
Orca can’t read what is going on with Unity3d. By default if you
install using the screen reader you will boot into the 2d desktop. At
present the 3d desktop is not accessible, however there is code to make
this work and we expect this to be made available in a PPA for 11.10
and be in by default in 12.04 LTS.
Orca does not run during the lightdm window manager right now, this
will be fixed in an update, but as of release the login screen is not
accessible. By default on bootup the primary user of the system will be
selected, so entering the password and return will lead to the desktop
where orca will start. There is no sound at the lightdm window, but
disk activity should stop when it gets to the point to type in the
password.
What our personas say
We use a [19]set of design personas to help us examine the
accessibility of Ubuntu from different perspectives, we asked our
fictional characters what they thought of Ubuntu 11.10:
John
“As a deaf user of Ubuntu I like video conferencing with my friends who
sign. I know there have been some difficulties with Skype and Oneiric,
but it works on my computer. The new Google plus hangouts are nice and
smooth. glad to see the option to make the system bell flash the window
is still available”
Daniela
“As a blind user of Ubuntu I am glad that the new desktop is becoming
accessible to me. I think I will wait a while for some of the fixes
that didn’t make it to the initial relase before installing it on my
primary laptop though.”
Simon
“As a partially sighted user of Ubuntu I am pleased that the themes for
high contrast are available, however a bit disappointed that they don’t
affect the unity panel and launcher. I use the compiz zoom a lot and
this does not zoom the unity elements which is a bit of a
disappointment, I like the big chunky alt-tab switcher though.”
Faisal
“As a user with rheumatoid arthritis I like the on screen keyboard
accessibility of the Unity launcher and the dwell click options. I
can’t quite figure out how to do a middle click though.” I would like
to use dasher with unity but it is not easy to use it to type directly
into applications or the unity search box.
Henrietta
“As someone with memory issues I like the dash search that allows me to
see recently used files and applications and the way the desktop helps
me to be organised, I put the applications I use all the time on the
launcher and I use workspaces to focus on different activities”
And onwards to Precise Pangolin
Generally speaking, Oneiric including the ubiquity installer and unity
desktop is now broadly functional, in the next release we want to make
it pleasurable! The major changes in this release have meant that
meaningful accessibility testing has taken place later in the
development cycle than we would have liked, but we do now have a solid
foundation on which to build for the 12.04 Long Term Support release.
Some items we would love to work on during the forthcoming development
cycle are:
* Compiz zoom text cursor tracking – the zoom currently tracks just
the mouse, it would be great to be able to zoom in and type in text
fields and have the zoom follow the text cursor.
* Ubiquity script improvements – we need to review and change the
accessible text that is read out by the installer, possibly
including some introductory guidance on how to navigate through the
interface and generally making it more welcoming.
* Additional onscreen keyboards - onboard has slightly special
treatment in unity, it is about the only thing that is allowed
‘above’ the dash so you can use it to type into the search field.
We would like to support other keyboards such as the Gnome Caribou
project and Dasher. There might be some benefit to a really tight
integration with the unity layer, making it slide out of the
launcher like the dash, possibly as part of a renewed effort to get
the tablet and touchscreen experience as smooth as possible.
If you have any further questions about accessibility in Ubuntu, or
would like to help make it better, then do ask below, or join us in the
#ubuntu-accessibility IRC channel on Freenode.
Share this:
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</lynx screenshot>
Lynx refs:
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18. http://askubuntu.com/questions/28086/what-are-unitys-keyboard-and-mouse-shortcuts
19. https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Accessibility/Personas
20. http://ubuntuaccessibility.wordpress.com/2011/10/13/oneiric-ocelot/?share=twitter
21. http://ubuntuaccessibility.wordpress.com/2011/10/13/oneiric-ocelot/?share=facebook
22. http://ubuntuaccessibility.wordpress.com/2011/10/13/oneiric-ocelot/?share=digg
23. http://ubuntuaccessibility.wordpress.com/2011/10/13/oneiric-ocelot/?share=reddit
24. http://ubuntuaccessibility.wordpress.com/2011/10/13/oneiric-ocelot/
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